Effects of swimming on cardiopulmonary capacity in college students / Efeitos da natação sobre a capacidade cardiopulmonar em estudantes universitários / Efectos de la natación en la capacidad cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is believed that strengthening cardiopulmonary function can reduce health risks caused by the COVID-19 virus, and swimming is a practice that could benefit its practitioners during the epidemic context. Objective: Study the effect of swimming on the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students in the context of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 60 volunteers in three groups were trained twice a week for one hour each for 12 weeks. Among them, swimming group A performed freestyle exercises, swimming group B performed breaststroke exercises, and the control group performed reading activities or another study, mainly focusing on staying seated. Results: The cardiopulmonary capacity of groups A and B was improved, while the cardiopulmonary capacity of the control group experienced little change. This shows that swimming training can effectively improve cardiopulmonary capacity in college students. Conclusion: Appropriate swimming training can improve the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students, and optimize their physical fitness, in the context of COVID-19. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Acredita-se que o fortalecimento da função cardiopulmonar possa reduzir os riscos à saúde causados pelo vírus COVID-19, sendo a natação uma prática que poderia beneficiar seus praticantes durante o contexto epidêmico. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da natação sobre a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários sob o contexto da COVID-19. Métodos: Um total de 60 voluntários em três grupos foram treinados duas vezes por semana durante uma hora cada, durante 12 semanas. Entre eles, o grupo de natação A realizou exercícios de estilo livre, o grupo de natação B realizou exercícios de bruços, e o grupo de controle realizou atividades de leitura ou outro estudo, focando principalmente em manterem-se sentados. Resultados: A capacidade cardiopulmonar do grupo A e B foi melhorada, enquanto que a capacidade cardiopulmonar do grupo de controle sofreu poucas alterações. Isto mostra que o treinamento de natação pode efetivamente melhorar a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Conclusão: O treinamento adequado de natação pode melhorar a capacidade cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários, otimizar sua aptidão física, no contexto da COVID-19. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se cree que el fortalecimiento de la función cardiopulmonar puede reducir los riesgos para la salud causados por el virus COVID-19, y la natación es una práctica que podría beneficiar a sus practicantes durante el contexto epidémico. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la natación sobre la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios en el contexto del COVID-19. Métodos: Se entrenó a un total de 60 voluntarios en tres grupos dos veces por semana durante una hora cada uno durante 12 semanas. Entre ellos, el grupo de natación A realizaba ejercicios de estilo libre, el grupo de natación B realizaba ejercicios de braza, y el grupo de control realizaba actividades de lectura u otro tipo de estudio, centrándose principalmente en permanecer sentado. Resultados: La capacidad cardiopulmonar de los grupos A y B mejoró, mientras que la capacidad cardiopulmonar del grupo de control experimentó pocos cambios. Esto demuestra que el entrenamiento de natación puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios. Conclusión: Un entrenamiento de natación adecuado puede mejorar la capacidad cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios y optimizar su aptitud física, en el contexto del COVID-19. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Protective Effect of Tangshen Formula () on Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Colon of Diabetic Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Tangshen Formula (, TSF), a Chinese herbal medicine, on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon of diabetic rats.@*METHODS@#Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n=14) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n=40). After 6 weeks, the rats in the HFD group were injected intraperitoneally streptozotocin once (30 mg/kg). Thirty rats with fasting blood glucose higher than 11.7 mmol/L were randomly divided into diabetes (DM) and TSF groups, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the NC and DM groups were intragastrically administered with saline, and those in the TSF group were given with TSF (2.4 g/kg) once daily for 20 weeks. Expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in colonic smooth muscle layer were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The number of ICC was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Immunofluorescence was used for analyzing the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to total macrophages. Electron microscopy was used to observe the epithelial ultrastructure and junctions.@*RESULTS@#TSF appeared to partially prevented loss of ICC in DM rats (P<0.05). Compared with the NC group, expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and TNF-α as well as the ratio of M1 to total macrophages increased in DM rats (all P<0.05), and the ratio of M2 to total macrophages decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the DM group, TSF decreased the expression levels of abovementioned proteins and restore M2 to total macrophages ratio (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSF appeared to attenuate the ultrastructural changes of epithelia and improve the tight and desmosome junctions between epithelia reduced in the DM rats.@*CONCLUSION@#Reduced number of ICC in DM rats may be associated with damage of the intestinal barrier. The protective effects of TSF on ICC may be through repair of the epithelial junctions, which attenuates inflammation and inflammation-initiated apoptosis in colon of DM rats.

Identification of common differential genes in three animal models of diabetic nephropathy / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveAnimal model is an important means to study the pathogenesis and drug therapy of diabetic nephropathy. In this paper, the techniques of bioinformatics were used to analyze the common susceptibility genes and pathways in the kidneys of three diabetic nephropathy animal models of BKS db/db, BKS eNOS-/db/db and DBA-STZ3, so as to discover new and important genes and pathways, thus providing new ideas for the study of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.MethodsThe GSE33744 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database, and the differential genes of three animal models of diabetic nephropathy were analyzed by Limma package in R language. The genes differentially expressed in all models were obtained by intersection, and were then analyzed by GO, KEGG and PPI networks and screened for key genes and pathways.Results144 genes were differentially expressed in three animal models of diabetic nephropathy. GO analysis showed that these genes were enriched in the cell membrane and extracellular regions; in biological processes such as innate immune response, oxidation-reduction process and immune system process; and in molecular functions such as oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate binding and heme binding. KEGG analysis indicated that the differential genes were enriched in signaling pathways such as PPAR signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, butyric acid metabolism and circadian rhythm. PPI network analysis suggested that Cd68, Ccl6, Fcer1g, Tyrobp, Clec4n, Lyz2, Ms4a6d, Ly86, Ctss, Cfp and Mpeg1 may be the key genes in the development of diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionSome genes and signaling pathways are altered in multiple kidneys of the diabetic animal models, suggesting that these genes and pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Subdivision of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients with Bone-Only Metastasis at Diagnosis for Prediction of Survival and Treatment Guidance / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to subdivide M1 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with bone-only metastases for prognosis prediction while identifying the treatment effect of locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) and metastasis radiotherapy (MRT) among patients with different risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2006 to October 2016, a total of 226 patients with bone-only metastasic NPC were retrospectively enrolled. All patients developed distant lesions before receiving treatment. All potential prognostic factors were considered and the correlation of the M1 subdivisions with overall survival (OS) was determined by Cox regression hazards model. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to appraise survival condition and log-rank testing was used to compare the differences. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 33.9 months (range, 3 to 126 months). According to multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the number of metastatic lesions and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA status after palliative chemotherapy (PCT) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Thus, we subdivided patients into three risk groups according to these two factors. Systemic chemotherapy combined with LRRT may benefit patients in low- and intermediate-risk groups but not in the high-risk group. Further aggressive MRT based on systemic chemotherapy showed no survival benefit in any risk group. CONCLUSION: The stratification of NPC patients with bone-only metastasis based on EBV DNA after PCT and the number of metastatic lesions provided promising prognostic value and could aid clinicians in person-specific treatment.

Patterns of Failure and Survival Trends in 3,808 Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed from 1990 to 2012: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival trends and patterns of failure in patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy over the last 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight hundred and eight patients diagnosed with stage II NPC between January 1990 and December 2012 were involved in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were treated with RT. According to the main imaging techniques and RT technology, we categorized these patients into four calendar periods: 1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were served as the clinical outcome. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 84.7 months, we observed increasing trends in survival and disease control. The 3- and 5-year OS rates increased from 87.1% and 78.7% in the first calendar period to 97.4% and 94.5% in the last calendar period, respectively (p<0.001). Additionally, significant increasing trends could be seen in the PFS and LRFS during the four calendar periods. In the subgroup analysis, the LRFS in patients older than 50 years at diagnosis showed greater improvement than younger patients. However, the rate of distant metastasis was stable and relatively low, as the 5-year DMFS ranged from 90.5% to 94.7% among the four calendar periods. CONCLUSION: The survival rates in patients with stage II NPC showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2012. The advance of RT provided excellent locoregional control and enhanced OS.

Hand hygiene cognition among healthcare-associated infection management staff in Gansu Province / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the cognition and influencing factors of hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare-associated infection (HAI) management staff in Gansu Province, and provide reference for enhancing the special competency of HAI management staff.Methods According to geographical area, natural and human characteristics, HAI management staff in 69 hospitals in different areas of Gansu Province were selected to conduct a questionnaire and field survey on their basic condition and knowledge of HH, current situation, and influencing factors for HH knowledge were analyzed.Results Among 69 surveyed hospitals, 82.61％ were secondary hospitals, 17.39％ were tertiary hospitals;among 125 surveyed HAI management staff, 82.40％ were full-time staff and 17.60％ were parttime staff.33.60％ and 66.40％ of HAI management staff had complete and incomplete knowledge of HH respectively;the knowledge about importance of HH, use of hand disinfectant, installation of HH facilities, hand washing methods, hand drying methods, HH indications, and standard for judging qualified HH in tertiary hospitals were all higher than those in secondary hospitals (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent protective factors for HH cognition were working for≥5 years and＜10 years in HH management (OR=3.067), bachelor's degree (OR=3.331), and full-time job (OR=10.309).Conclusion HAI management staff's cognition on HH among is low, especially those who have been engaged in HH management for less than 5 years, whose educational background is secondary school or lower, and part-time personnel.It is necessary to combine with actual condition to strengthen professional competence training for HH management staff.

Identification and preparation of a glycol-protein fraction AN from tea extracts and its and anti-hyperglycosemia activity / 中国中药杂志

The present study compared active ingredients of tea from different sources to select tea type and the fraction of tea extracts for the highest anti-hyperglycemic activity, and to verify anti-hyperglycemic activity of the selected tea extract. Tea extracts were separated and enriched by molecular weight using ultra-filtration technology. The extracts were first screened by -glucosidase inhibition assay, followed by using a rat inverted intestine sac system to measure the effect on glucose transport. Both alloxan-induced diabetic rat model and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced rat diabetes mellitus model were used to study the effects of active components on blood glucose, body weight, insulin resistance. The experimental results showed that the different kinds of tea extracts had different inhibitory effects on -glucosidase, and the inhibitory effect of tea extract E on -glucosidase was stronger. The effects of different components of tea extract E also varied greatly, of which Fraction AN protein had stronger inhibitory effect on -glucosidase than other fragments, and Fraction AN protein had a strong inhibitory effect on glucose transport, reduced blood sugar and normalized insulin secretion in diabetic rats. The results suggest that a glycol-protein fraction(AN) from the extracts might be responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic activity of tea polysaccharides. The AN glycol-protein fraction has strong inhibitory effects on both -glucosidase activity and glucose transport by the small intestine. It also reduced blood glucose level and normalized insulin secretion in diabetic rats, and has a protective effect on diabetic rats.

Orthodontic intrusion of the first and second mandibular molars with a vacuum-formed removable appliance: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

This case report focused on a patient with supraeruption of the first and second mandibular molars as a result of loss of the first and second maxillary molars for a long time. We adopted a combination of a vacuum-formed removable appliance and elastics to intrude the first and second mandibular molars by using a continuous, light force to acquire sufficient restoration space for maxillary molars. Thus, the dental-implant treatment was successful, and a good and stable occlusal relationship was established.

Study on mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with epithelial-mesenchymal transition / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Currently discussing the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis commonly used drugs astragalus main active ingredient astragalosideⅣ(ASTⅣ)in vitro after transforming growth factor-β1 induced lung adenocarcinoma A549 epithelial cells after epithelial cell interstitial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(EMT). METHODS The effect of astragalosideIV on the proliferation of A549 cells was detected by MTT assay for the first time.No significant effect of astragaloside on the prolifera-tion of A549 cells was found in the range of 1.25-20 μmol/L. A549 cells in vitro were divided into 5 groups: normal group, control group, low, medium and high experimental groups, which were treated for 72 hours,and the morphological changes of cells in each group were observed by light microscope. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were performed. Detection of gene and protein expression levels. RESULTS The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the quantitative analysis of high-dose astragalosideⅣin the experimental group was lower than that of the control group in the α-SMA analysis,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The dose of AstragalosideⅣ in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in the E-Cad analysis,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Western Blot results showed that the expression of α-SMA antibody in the high-dose and low-dose experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The high-dose experimental group had a significantly higher expression of E-Cad antibody than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION This study uses A549 epithelial cells as a model, A549 cells were modeled and confirmed that Astragaloside can effectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and provide a new basis for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on smoke inhalation injury in rats / 医学研究生学报

Objective Acute lung injury induced by variety causes can be reduced by mesenchymal stem cells.Some studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have similar features with mesenchymal stem cell,but its role in acute lung injury is less studied.The study was to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) on smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) in rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups:normal control group,smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) treated group.12 h after establishing the SⅡ model,BMSC-DEs treated group was injected with 0.5 mL BMSC-DEs (derived from 4× 106 BMSCs),and normal control group and SⅡ model group were injected with equivalent volume of normal saline.7 days later,samples were collected.The histopathologic changes of lung were observed after HE staining;BCA was used to test the amounts of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF);Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in the lung tissue;Immunohistochemical was used to test the levels of pulmonary surfactant protein C(SP-C).Results The BALF levels of total protein of SⅡ group was significantly higher than those of normal control group (P＜0.01) and BMSC-DEs groups(P＜0.05);Compared with normal group [(0.164±0.021) ng/L],the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α of SII and BMSC-DEs groups [(0.355±0.106)、(0.234±0.024) ng/L] (P＜ 0.05) were significantly higher,and SⅡ group was higher than that of BMSC-DEs group(P＜0.01);Compared with normal group,the KGF protein expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower (P＜0.05),but BMSC-DEs group was higher (P＜0.05).BMSC-DEs group was higher than SⅡ group (P＜0.01);Immunohistochemistry showed that the SP-C expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower than those of other groups (P＜0.05).There was no statistically difference between BMSC-DEs group and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion BMSC-DEs has a protective effect of smoke inhalation injury rats,the underlying mechanism may be related to BMSC-DEs to reduce inflammation and promote restoration of the alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ.

GW4869 inhibits the release of exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and BMSCs-derived exosomes have similar functions, but the regulatory mechanism underlying the release of exosomes is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of GW4869, an inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2, in the release of exosomes in BMSCs and the influence of GW4869 on BMSCs proliferation. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were divided into three groups: normal control group, 24-hour GW4869 treatment group and withdrawal of GW4869 for 24 hours group (24-hour GW4869 treatment followed by 24-hour successive culture with drug withdrawal). Cultured cells were collected to extract exosomes by ultracentrifugation. Western blot was used to detect exosome-associated proteins CD63 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101). The concentration and size distribution of exosomes were measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis. BCA was used to test the level of total proteins in exosomes. Live cell imaging system was used to observe the influence of GW4869 on BMSCs proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Western blot results showed that exosomes expressed marker proteins such as CD63, TSG101. (2) Findings from the nanoparticle tracking analysis confirmed that the size of released exosomes was about 114 nm. (3) Significantly reduced release of exosomes was found in the two treatment groups compared with the normal control group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between 24-hour GW4869 treatment group and withdrawal of GW4869 for 24 hours group (P > 0.05). (4) No significant difference in the proliferation of BMSCs was found among the three groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, 24-hour W4869 can inhibit the release of exosomes by BMSCs and this inhibitory effect is still sustained within 24 hours after drug withdrawal. However, GW4869 has no influence on the proliferation of BMSCs.

Mechanism of Regulatory Effect of MicroRNA-206 on Connexin 43 in Distant Metastasis of Breast Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) and connexin 43 (Cx43) are related with the distant metastasis of breast cancer. It remains unclear whether the regulatory effect of miR-206 on Cx43 is involved in metastasis of breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, the expressions of miR-206 and Cx43 were determined in breast cancer tissues, hepatic and pulmonary metastasis (PM), and cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231). MCF-7/MDA-M-231 cells were transfected with lentivirus-shRNA vectors to enhance/inhibit miR-206, and then Cx43 expression was observed. Cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell method were used to detect their changes in proliferation, migration, and invasion activity. The mutant plasmids of Cx43-3' untranslated region (3'UTR) at position 478-484 and position 1609-1615 were constructed. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to observe the effects of miR-206 on luciferase expression of different mutant plasmids and to confirm the potential binding sites of Cx43.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cx43 protein expression in hepatic and PM was significantly higher than that in the primary tumor, while no significant difference was showed in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MiR-206 mRNA expression in hepatic and PM was significantly lower than that in the primary tumor. Cx43 mRNA and protein levels, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, were all significantly improved in MDA-MB-231 cells after reducing miR-206 expression but decreased in MCF-7 cells after elevating miR-206 expression, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation between miR-206 and Cx43 expression (P = 0.03). MiR-206 can drastically decrease Cx43 expression of MCF-7 cells but exerts no effects on Cx43 expression in 293 cells transfected with the Cx43 coding region but the lack of Cx43-3'UTR, suggesting that Cx43-3'UTR may be the key in Cx43 regulated by miR-206. Luciferase expression showed that the inhibition efficiency was reduced by 46.80% in position 478-484 mutant, 16.72% in position 1609-1615 mutant; the inhibition was totally disappeared in double mutant (P = 0.02).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MiR-206 can regulate the expression of Cx43, the cytobiological activity, and the metastasis of breast cancer through binding to the two binding sites in Cx43-3'UTR: position 478-484 and position 1609-1615.</p>

Experimental study of Tangshen formulain improved lipid metabolism and phenotypic switch of macrophage in db/db mice / 中国中药杂志

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have become major chronic diseases threatening public health. NAFLD is a chronic liver disorder that is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of Tangshen formula (TSF) on hepatic dyslipidemia and phenotypic switch of macrophage in db/db mice. Eight-week-old male C57BLKS/J db/m control and db/db mice were divided into 3 groups (namely db/m, db/db, db/db+TSF), and fed with TSF or distilled water for 12 weeks. It was found that after treatment with TSF, the triglycerides accumulation in db/db mice was decreased on the basis of oil red O staining with cryosections of liver tissues. And protein expressions of macrophage activation markers CD68 and F4/80 were decreased according to immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic sections. The mRNA level of TNF-α (M1 marker) was significantly decreased by TSF in db/db mice, but with no significant difference in Mrc1 and Arg1 (M2 marker). According to the results, TSF attenuated hepatic steatosis and relieved dyslipidemia, its mechanism may be correlated with the regulation of macrophage activation and phenotypic switch.

Antioxidant defense of peroxiredoxin 6 in lung: Recent progress / 第二军医大学学报

Alveolar epithelial apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress in pulmonary diseases have drawn great attention from researchers. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), endowed with the activities of both glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and phospholipase A2(PLA2), can effectively fight against oxidative stress and alleviate oxidative stress-induced lung injury, and therefore plays an important role in pulmonary diseases. This review focuses on the structure, function, distribution and expression regulation of Prdx6, and summarizes the role of Prdx6 in pulmonary antioxidant defense and its regulatory mechanism based on experimental studies.

Therapeutic effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on acute cerebral infarction at different times / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:The study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on the onset of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) at different time points of the first 6 hours.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted in 74 patients who received rt-PA thrombolysis treatment within 4.5 hours after ACI and another 15 patients who received rt-PA thrombolysis treatment between 4.5-6 hours after ACI.RESULTS:National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were statistically decreased in both groups (P>0.05) at 24 hours and 7 days after ACI. There was no significant difference in modified ranking scores and mortality at 90 days after the treatment between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The therapeutic effect and mortality of rt-PA treatment in patients with ACI between 4.5-6 hours after the onset of the disease were similar to those in patients who received rt-PA within 4.5 hours after the onset of this disease. Therefore, intravenous thrombolytic therapy for ACI within 4.5-6 hours after ACI was effective and safe.

Impact of hypothyroidism on sperm motility of male rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the impact of hypothyroidism on sperm motility in male rat.Methods According to body weight,20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and hypothyroidism group (1 ml/100 g/day,0.1％ propylthiouracil by intragastric administration for 60 days) 10 rats in eachgroup.Body weight of these rats was observed every 3 days.After the last intragastric administration,all rats were killed.The levels of thyroid hormones [total triiodothyronine (T3),total thyroxine (T4),and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] were measured by radioimmunoassay.Sperm motility parameters[average path velocity(VAP),straight fine velocity (VSL),straightness (STR),amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH),sperm density(p),curvilinear velocity (VCL),linearity(LIN),wobble (WOB),mean angular deviation (MAD) and beat cross frequency (BCF)] were measured by a WLJY-9000 color-detection system.Results Compared with the control groups[(298.20 ± 12.15) g,(344.00 ± 13.73)g],the weights of hypothyroidism group of the 30 days[(239.00 ± 15.02) g] and the 60 days [(232.67 ± 17.86)g] were significantly lower(t =7.704,11.380,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of T3[(373.3 ± 101.3) ng/L] and T4 [(4.00 ± 0.89) × 103 ng/ml] of hypothyroidism group were significantly decreased compared with that of the control groups [(1000.0 ± 273.5)ng/L,(44.33 ± 7.84)× 103 ng/L,t =5.262,12.520,all P ＜ 0.05].Level of TSH[(5.77 ± 0.89) × 103 U/L] of hypothyroidism group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group[(1.87 ± 0.70) × 103 U/L,t =8.413,P ＜ 0.05].Values of VAP[(27.45 ± 1.59)μm/s],VSL [(21.08 ± 1.10)μm/s],STR[(70.53 ± 3.48)％] and ALH[(1.96 ± 0.26)μm] of hypothyroidism group were significantly increased compared with that of the control groups[(24.38 ± 2.59)μm/s,(17.99±2.06)μm/s,(65.93 ± 2.71)％,(1.53 ± 0.27)μm,t =2.687,2.404,2.420,3.175,all P ＜ 0.05].p[(5.07 ± 0.74)109/L] of hypothyroidism group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group [(8.76 ± 1.01)109/L,t =6.463,P ＜ 0.05].VCL[(52.83 ± 5.56)μm/s],LIN[(38.58 ± 3.41)％],WOB[(52.64 ± 3.24)％],MAD [(64.21 ± 6.71) radian/s] and BCF [(8.93 ± 0.62) Hz] of hypothyroidism group were not significantly different compared with that of the control groups[(49.92 ± 6.43) μm/s,(36.52 ± 2.73)％,(52.49 ± 3.49)％,(62.77 ± 7.34)radia/s,(9.32 ± 0.61)Hz,t =0.805,1.089,0.037,0.341,1.033,all P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Hypothyroidism can affect sperm activity in male rats,decrease sperm density and cause damage to the reproductive system.

Expression of breast cancer resistance protein and p-glycoprotein in residual breast cancer tissue after chemotherapy and its correlation with cancer stem cells / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the expression differences of breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in breast cancer tissue before chemotherapy and in residual breast cancer tissue, and to explore its correlation with breast cancer stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ABCG2, P-gp, and breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs) markers(CD44 and CD24) in breast cancer tissue before chemotherapy and residual breast cancer tissue after chemotherapy. Immunofluorescence was applied for determination of the CD44 and CD24 protein expressions of BCSCs microspheres cells. The monoclone-forming ability of BCSCs microspheres cells was detected by limited dilution assay. The expressions of ABCG2, P-gp, CD44, and CD24 proteins were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in breast cancer tissue before chemotherapy, the expression levels of ABCG2 and P-gp were positively correlated with the expression level of CD44 protein(Χ(2)=41.34, r=0.83;Χ(2)=22.81, r=0.61) in residual breast cancer tissue after chemotherapy;meanwhile, they were negatively correlated with the expression of CD24 protein(Χ(2)=-21.25, r=0.72;Χ(2)=-17.26, r=0.65) (all P<0.05) .The diameter of BCSCs microspheres were increased significantly after chemotherapy.The content of BCSCs increased by about 2.5 times after chemotherapy.The expressions of ABCG2, P-gp and CD44 proteins significantly increased and that of CD24 protein significantly declined(P<0.05) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chemotherapy endows residual breast cancer tissue with cancer stem cells-like features, leading to multidrug resistance of breast cancer.</p>

Post-disaster medical rescue strategy in tropical regions / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Earthquakes, floods, droughts, storms, mudslides, landslides, and forest wild fires are serious threats to human lives and properties. The present study aimed to study the environmental characteristics and pathogenic traits, recapitulate experiences, and augment applications of medical reliefs in tropical regions. METHODS: Analysis was made on work and projects of emergency medical rescue, based on information and data collected from 3 emergency medical rescue missions of China International Search and Rescue Team to overseas earthquakes and tsunamis aftermaths in tropical disaster regions Indonesia-Aceh, Indonesia-Yogyakarta, and Haiti-Port au Prince. RESULTS: Shock, infection and heat stroke were frequently encountered in addition to outbreaks of infectious diseases, skin diseases, and diarrhea during post-disaster emergency medical rescue in tropical regions. CONCLUSIONS: High temperature, high humidity, and proliferation of microorganisms and parasites are the characteristics of tropical climate that impose strict requirements on the preparation of rescue work including selective team members suitable for a particular rescue mission and the provisioning of medical equipment and life support materials. The overseas rescue mission itself needs a scientific, efficient, simple workflow for providing efficient emergency medical assistance. Since shock and infection are major tasks in post-disaster treatment of severely injured victims in tropical regions, the prevention and diagnosis of hyperthermia, insect-borne infectious diseases, tropic skin diseases, infectious diarrhea, and pest harms of disaster victims and rescue team staff should be emphasized during the rescue operations.

The theory of homogeny of liver and kidney in the treatment of kidney and liver fibrosis / 中国结合医学杂志

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic liver disease are both very harmful to human health almost all over the world, which lead to the fibrosis of the two organs ultimately. Currently, there are few satisfactory therapeutic methods in treating the two diseases. Some research works from Chinese medicine and Western medicine were done in the area recently, the results showed that kidney and liver fibrosis shared similar biological signals and events such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transforming growth factor β 1, the same herbal mesenchymal medicine exhibited significantly improving effects on both liver fibrosis and kidney fibrosis by involving similar mechanism. This coincides with the theory of homogeny of Liver (Gan) and Kidney (Shen) of Chinese medicine. It would provides new clues in exploring the treatment of liver fibrosis and kidney fibrosis.

Enhanced diagnostic value of 99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT in patients with spinal bone malignancy / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To investigate the additional diagnostic value of 99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT over conventional SPECT scan in patients with spinal bone malignancy. Methods Fifty-two patients (mean age (56±14) years) with suspicious spinal bone diseases underwent both bone SPECT and SPECT/CT imaging right after 99Tcm-MDP whole-body planar bone scintigraphy. All patients were pathologically diagnosed by either spine operation or trans-spinal biopsy. The images were evaluated by two independent reviewers; inter-reviewer agreement was evaluated using a weighted Kappa score. Each focus of abnormality was recorded using a 4-point diagnostic confidence scale: benign (B), possibly benign (PB), possibly malignant (PM) or malignant (M). Results Accord to the pathological results, 36 patients had bone malignancy (19 with metastatic tumors and 17 with non-metastatic tumors) and 16 had benign lesions. Over SPECT images, two reviewers rated 73.1% (38/52) and 67.3% (35/52) the lesions as the equivocal (PB or PM) respectively. Over SPECT/CT images, they rated only 25.0% (13/52) and 13.5% (7/52) lesions as the equivocal. Inter-reviewer agreement was 63.5% (weighted Kappa score=0.62) for SPECT and 78.9% (weighted Kappa score=0.81) for SPECT/CT. Conclusions Compared with99Tcm-MDP SPECT, 99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT results in a significant reduction of equivocal diagnoses for the spinal bone malignancy.